Tabla 2

Medias de los clústeres, valores F y tamaños del efecto para las preferencias de aprendizaje social y las conductas prosociales


Clúster 1: Destacadamente competitiva-cooperativa-afiliativaClúster 2: Relativamente cooperativaClúster 3: Relativamente competitiva-individualistaClúster 4: Relativamente individualistaF (3, 294)ηp2
n = 55 (18 %)n = 133 (45 %)n = 89 (30 %)n = 22 (7 %)
Dimensiones de los clústeres – preferencias sociales para el aprendizaje
Preferencia competitiva
Puntuaciones Z0.91 (0.58)a -0.62 (0.63)b 0.64 (0.65)a-1.21 (0.70)c115.82**.54
Puntuaciones directas (1–5)3.84 (0.46)a2.62 (0.50)b 3.63 (0.52)a 2.15 (0.56)c
Preferencia cooperativa
Puntuaciones Z0.88 (0.66)a0.27 (0.61)b-0.51 (0.75)c-0.99 (0.75)d70.70**.42
Puntuaciones directas (1–5)4.32 (0.43)a3.92 (0.40)b3.40 (0.49)c3.09 (0.49)d
Preferencia afiliativa
Puntuaciones Z1.08 (0.59)a -0.11 (0.79)b-0.20 (0.57)b-0.86 (0.79)c55.50**.36
Puntuaciones directas (1–5)3.68 (0.37)a 2.95 (0.49)b2.89 (0.35)b2.49 (0.49)c
Preferencia individualista
Puntuaciones Z0.23 (1.07)a -0.58 (0.68)b0.50 (0.68)a 0.32 (0.98)a 33.28**.25
Puntuaciones directas (1–5)2.91 (0.76)a2.34 (0.48)b3.11 (0.48)a 2.98 (0.10)a 
Resultados – conductas prosociales
Empatía
Puntuaciones Z0.31 (0.92)a0.14 (0.87)ab-0.28 (1.02)bc -0.53 (1.36)c7.90**.08
Puntuaciones directas (1–5)3.02 (0.42)a2.94 (0.39)ab2.75 (0.46)bc2.64 (0.62)c
Respeto
Puntuaciones Z0.07 (1.07)a0.20 (0.91)a-0.24 (0.93)a-0.37 (1.32)b3.61*.04
Puntuaciones directas (1–5)3.16 (0.42)a3.21 (0.35)a3.04 (0.36)a2.99 (0.51)b
Vinculación 
Puntuaciones Z0.34 (0.95)a0.13 (0.84)ab-0.14 (1.00)b-1.09 (1.20)c14.10**.13
Puntuaciones directas (1–5)3.23 (0.35)a3.16 (0.31)ab3.06 (0.37)b2.70 (0.44)c
Liderazgo
Puntuaciones Z0.30 (0.94)a -0.05 (0.94)b0.14 (0.92)ab-1.02 (1.14)c14.00**.13
Puntuaciones directas (1–5)2.71 (0.49)a 2.53 (0.49)b2.63 (0.48)ab2.03 (0.59)c

Nota. Los errores estándares se presentan entre paréntesis. Las letras de los superíndices indican diferencias significativas entre grupos. Se extrajeron los coeficientes de cada grupo para permitir comparaciones por pares. Puntuación Z = puntuaciones estandarizadas. Puntuaciones directas = puntuaciones brutas. *= p < .05; **= p < .001

Taula 2

Mitjanes dels clústers, valors F i mides de l’efecte per a les preferències d’aprenentatge social i les conductes prosocials


Clúster 1:
Destacadament competitiva-cooperativa-afiliativa
Clúster 2:
Relativament cooperativa
Clúster 3:
Relativament competitiva-individualista
Clúster 4:
Relativament individualista
F (3, 294)ηp2
n = 55 (18 %)n = 133 (45 %)n = 89 (30 %)n = 22 (7 %)
Dimensions dels clústers – preferències socials per a l’aprenentatge
Preferència competitiva 
Puntuacions Z0.91 (0.58)a -0.62 (0.63)b 0.64 (0.65)a-1.21 (0.70)c115.82**.54
Puntuaciones directas (1–5)3.84 (0.46)a2.62 (0.50)b 3.63 (0.52)a 2.15 (0.56)c
Preferència cooperativa 
Puntuacions Z0.88 (0.66)a0.27 (0.61)b-0.51 (0.75)c-0.99 (0.75)d70.70**.42
Puntuacions directes (1–5)4.32 (0.43)a3.92 (0.40)b3.40 (0.49)c3.09 (0.49)d
Preferència afiliativa
Puntuacions Z1.08 (0.59)a -0.11 (0.79)b-0.20 (0.57)b-0.86 (0.79)c55.50**.36
Puntuaciones directas (1–5)3.68 (0.37)a 2.95 (0.49)b2.89 (0.35)b2.49 (0.49)c
Preferència individualista
Puntuacions Z0.23 (1.07)a -0.58 (0.68)b0.50 (0.68)a 0.32 (0.98)a 33.28**.25
Puntuacions directes (1–5)2.91 (0.76)a2.34 (0.48)b3.11 (0.48)a 2.98 (0.10)a 
Resultats – conductes prosocials
Empatia
Puntuacions Z0.31 (0.92)a0.14 (0.87)ab-0.28 (1.02)bc -0.53 (1.36)c7.90**.08
Puntuacions directes (1–5)3.02 (0.42)a2.94 (0.39)ab2.75 (0.46)bc2.64 (0.62)c
Respecte
Puntuacions Z0.07 (1.07)a0.20 (0.91)a-0.24 (0.93)a-0.37 (1.32)b3.61*.04
Puntuacions directes (1–5)3.16 (0.42)a3.21 (0.35)a3.04 (0.36)a2.99 (0.51)b
Vinculació 
Puntuacions directes (1–5)0.34 (0.95)a0.13 (0.84)ab-0.14 (1.00)b-1.09 (1.20)c14.10**.13
Puntuaciones directas (1–5)3.23 (0.35)a3.16 (0.31)ab3.06 (0.37)b2.70 (0.44)c
Lideratge
Puntuaciones Z0.30 (0.94)a -0.05 (0.94)b0.14 (0.92)ab-1.02 (1.14)c14.00**.13
Puntuaciones directas (1–5)2.71 (0.49)a 2.53 (0.49)b2.63 (0.48)ab2.03 (0.59)c

Nota. Els errors estàndards es presenten entre parèntesi. Les lletres dels superíndexs indiquen diferències significatives entre grups. Es van extreure els coeficients de cada grup per permetre comparacions per parells. Puntuació Z = puntuacions estandarditzades. Puntuacions directes = puntuacions brutes. *= p < .05; **= p < .001

Table 2

Clusters’ mean scores, F-values, and effect sizes for social learning preferences and prosocial behaviors


Variables
Cluster 1:
Highly competitive-cooperative-
affiliative
Cluster 2:
Relatively cooperative
Cluster 3:
Relatively competitive-individualistic
Cluster 4:
Relatively individualistic
F (3, 294)ηp2
n = 55 (18 %)n = 133 (45 %)n = 89 (30 %)n = 22 (7 %)
Cluster dimensions – social preferences for learning
Competitive preference 
Z-Scores0.91 (0.58)a -0.62 (0.63)b 0.64 (0.65)a-1.21 (0.70)c115.82**.54
Raw. scores (1–5)3.84 (0.46)a2.62 (0.50)b 3.63 (0.52)a 2.15 (0.56)c
Cooperative preference 
Z-Scores0.88 (0.66)a0.27 (0.61)b-0.51 (0.75)c-0.99 (0.75)d70.70**.42
Raw. scores (1–5)4.32 (0.43)a3.92 (0.40)b3.40 (0.49)c3.09 (0.49)d
Affiliative
preference
Z-Scores1.08 (0.59)a -0.11 (0.79)b-0.20 (0.57)b-0.86 (0.79)c55.50**.36
Raw. scores (1–5)3.68 (0.37)a 2.95 (0.49)b2.89 (0.35)b2.49 (0.49)c
Individualistic
preference
Z-Scores0.23 (1.07)a -0.58 (0.68)b0.50 (0.68)a 0.32 (0.98)a 33.28**.25
Raw. scores (1–5)2.91 (0.76)a2.34 (0.48)b3.11 (0.48)a 2.98 (0.10)a 
Outcomes – prosocial behaviors
Empathy
Z-Scores0.31 (0.92)a0.14 (0.87)ab-0.28 (1.02)bc -0.53 (1.36)c7.90**.08
Raw. scores (1–5)3.02 (0.42)a2.94 (0.39)ab2.75 (0.46)bc2.64 (0.62)c
Respect
Z-Scores0.07 (1.07)a0.20 (0.91)a-0.24 (0.93)a-0.37 (1.32)b3.61*.04
Raw. scores (1–5)3.16 (0.42)a3.21 (0.35)a3.04 (0.36)a2.99 (0.51)b
Relatedness   
Z-Scores0.34 (0.95)a0.13 (0.84)ab-0.14 (1.00)b-1.09 (1.20)c14.10**.13
Raw. scores (1–5)3.23 (0.35)a3.16 (0.31)ab3.06 (0.37)b2.70 (0.44)c
Leadership
Z-Scores0.30 (0.94)a -0.05 (0.94)b0.14 (0.92)ab-1.02 (1.14)c14.00**.13
Raw. scores (1–5)2.71 (0.49)a 2.53 (0.49)b2.63 (0.48)ab2.03 (0.59)c
Note. Standard errors are reported in brackets. The different letters in super-indices indicate significant differences between groups. The coefficients for each group were extracted, allowing for pairwise comparisons. Z-Score = Standardized scores. Raw. = Absolute. *= p < .05; **= p < .001